Rock Sparrow

The rock sparrow is 15–17 centimetres long, on average slightly larger than a house sparrow, with a conspicuously larger, more conical bill. It has a strong whitish supercilium and a weaker crown stripe, a patterned brown back and wings, streaked underparts, and a diagnostic but hard-to-see yellow throat spot. The sexes are largely alike, and both carry a yellow patch on the upper breast that contrasts with the earth tones; it signals attractiveness and social status in the breeding season. (Wikipedia, general species account)

It breeds on barren rocky hills from Madeira and the Canary Islands across southern Europe and through southwestern and central Asia to Mongolia and northern and western China. It is resident in the west, but some Asian birds may migrate south or move to lower altitudes in winter. A gregarious bird, it is also found in human settlements in suitable country. It nests in crevices in rocks or walls, laying four or five eggs, and shows several mating patterns, most often social monogamy. (Wikipedia, general species account)